Tensions between the United States and Iran have sharply escalated over the closure of the strategic Strait of Hormuz, with the U.S. issuing an ultimatum threatening to target Iran’s energy infrastructure and Iran responding with warnings of retaliatory strikes on U.S. and Israeli assets. Military engagements have already occurred, causing significant disruptions to global oil supplies and surging prices, while international efforts to secure the strait face challenges due to Iran’s control over critical infrastructure through the IRGC. Experts warn that military action alone may not resolve the crisis and highlight the potential humanitarian risks of targeting energy infrastructure linked to civilian services, prompting calls for careful strategic decisions amid growing regional instability.